Improvement in brick pavements



. H m. new. Brick Pavement.

Patented Oct. 11, 1875.

gfgmmi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY M. STOW, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK PAVEMENTS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 168,805, dated October11, 1875 application filed July 20, 1575.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRYM. Srow, of San Francisco, in the county of SanFrancisco and State of California, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Pavements for Road or Carriage Ways; and I do herebydeclare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making a part ofthis specification, in which- Figure 1 represents, in perspective, aportion of the pavement, partially completed and partially uncovered, soas to show the materialof and the manner of preparing the foundation.Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section taken through theplan, as shown in Fig. 1.

My invention consists in a pavement, the

. base or substructure of which is composed of bricks laid withintervening spaces, cells, or recesses between them for the top dressingto flow or settle into to form a union between them, and with interposedsand, gravel, or concrete between them, and a composition covering toform the surface-way and finish.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to descrlbe thesame, with reference to the drawlngs, which showthe several forms in which I can apply and use my invention.

The earth upon which the pavement is to be laid should be first rolledor rammed to make it solid, and over this is placed a thin layer ofsand, so as to bed in the bricks in good order. Upon this foundation, orupon any other, more or less elaborate and expensive one, I place or laybricks a in any of the forms-flatwise, edgewise, endwise, or portions ofeach-in which bricks are or can be laid or embedded, so as to leavespaces, cells, or recesses between, to better hold the top dressing byallowing it to flow or settle into such spaces, cells, or recesses,examples of which are shown as follows:

At B the bricks are represented as laid flatwise, and when two coursesof bricks are used the under one is laid flatwise, and the upper oneedgewise, with intervening spaces 0 between the bricks of the lattercourse, to be filled with sand, gravel, broken stone, or concrete, andsaid upper course is laid diagonal across the under one, by preference.At 0 the upper course is laid in lines at right angles to the line ofroadway, with intervening spaces between the coursesof bricks to befilled, as above mentioned. At D, as seen in Fig. 2, the bricks arerepresented as set upon their 'ends, and in a single course, withintervening spaces to be filled, as above stated. At E, as seen in Fig.2, the bricks are shown as in a single course, set upon their edges, andwith intervening spaces between them to be filled as stated above. At Fthe bricks are shown in edgewise courses alternating with flatwisecourses, and a filling of broken stone, sand, gravel, or concrete, ormixtures thereof, between the edgewise bricks and upon the flatwisecourse. At G the same general plan as that seen at F is shown, exceptthat, instead of alternating the flat and upright bricks, the latter areat greater distances apart, leaving an enlarged space or cell for thereception of the filling. At H the bricks are represented in singlecourse-laid or set upon their edges, so as to leave spaces between themfor the filling. V

In all of these examples the foundation or substructure is made ofbrick, with intervening spaces between them for the reception of brokenstone, sand, gravel, or concrete, vor mixtures thereof. The spaces inexample H, instead of being continuous, alternate with the bricks, thelatter being laid in lap-joint, as seen in Fig. 1. The bricks are to bewell settled down, and the filling compactly put in, so as to form asolid foundation or substructure. The brick previous to being laid Itreat as follows: First, I make a composition of about ninety parts ofcoal-tar pitch, four parts of kerosene or dead-oil, four parts ofunslaked lime, and two parts of sulphur, not, however, confining myselfto these precise ingredients or proportions, as other compositions inwhich coal-tar pitch is the predominating constituent may be used. Thiscomposition is heated up to a boiling point or thereabout, and thehard-burned bricks I propose to use are placed in it, and remain thereinuntil thoroughly saturated with the composition. It is preferable toheat the bricks before their immersion in the composition, and as amatter of economy the bricks should be taken from the kiln in and addclean sharp sand until the composition is of the consistency of stiffmortar. A layer of broken stone, gravel, or sand, or mixtures of each,of from one to two inches in i thickness, Well'saturated with hot pitch,of

pitch and coal-tar, having been laid upon the brick foundation, andwell-rammed or rolled, then the top or finishing course 0 of thecomposition above described,about one inch thick, is evenly spread down,and a heavy roller run over it until it is evenly and regularly packeddown, and in a few hours it may be driven over.

While the ingredients and proportions given for the top or finishingcourse will answer for most temperatures, it may require somemodification for extreme temperatures. The coaltar pitch,vhowever, isalways the predominating ingredient in the composition. The saturationof the bricks with the composition makes them harder, tougher, and lessliable to fracture than the untreated bricks. They add somewhat to thecost of the pavement thus prepared, but. it is more enduring. A cheaperbrick foundation may be made by using hard-burned bricks as they comefrom the kiln; but this would be a brick foundation and come within thescope of my invention and claim therefor; and in-this latter case thebricks are laid, with interveniii g spaces, cells,

. or recesses, sharp sand being well worked into the joints, and thenwith a maul or large flat swage driven or settled down until they aresmooth on the surface and firm on the founda- ,tion, the spaces, cells,or recesses being left for the top dressing to bed into, and so firmlyhold to the bricks. I then flood the pavement with boiling-hot coal-tar,or a composition of about seventy-five parts of coal-tar, twenty partsof dead-oils, and five parts of unslaked lime, whichwill fill the cellsgr pores of thebrick, and render them durable by making them imperviousto water or moisture.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is 1. A pavementcomposed of hard-burned bricks placed on an earth foundation, withintervening spaces, cells, or recesses for the top dressing to bed into,and thereby firmly unite with the brick substructure, and so preventpeeling off, as described and represented.

2. In a pavement having a hard-brick foundation laid with interveningspaces, cells, or recesses a concrete top dressing, composed of coal-tarpitch, dead-oil orcoal-tar, unslaked lime, sulphur, and broken stone,gravel, or sand, prepared and applied substantially as herein describedand represented.

Witnesses:

EDMUND MASSON,

THOMAS C. GoNNoLLY.

HENRY M. STOW.

